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The aim of this article is practical presentation of cryptography as a field of science which is the essence of security solutions in providing information. Nowadays it is rapidly developing and possibilities of its practical use are becoming wider and wider. It is also used as a tool for recording parameters of engine performance. It is a very important issue due to the need for encoding information that can be obtained through digital tachograph systems. The practice of purposeful violation of principles associated with proper functioning of equipment recording the driver’s activity, including the actual crankshaft rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and the speed profile of the vehicle, which is directly related to fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, is becoming more and more common. The penalties imposed by the legislature appear to be too small, since the practice is notoriously repeated and there are more and more recording equipment dysfunctions. The complicated key and certification system should be a solution to this problem, as it also refers to the data recorded in the memory of digital recording equipment and the tachograph card data parameters related to the driver’s performance data. This paper contains a synthetic description of engine performance parameters that directly affect fuel consumption. The topic of eco-driving is addressed, not only to reduce the amount of fuel consumed but also the amount of exhaust emissions. The article presents types of tachograph cards in use and the purposes of their use. An important type of a tachograph card is a workshop card on which attention is focused, since it enables performing calibration and checking data in the recording device. Structures responsible for management of the digital tachograph system are also investigated. The main cryptography system is RSA (abbreviation from the first letters of the names of authors - Rivest, Shamir, Adelman) which is based on an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The assumptions of this system are based on the decomposition of large numbers into prime factors and the secure exchange of encryption keys. This article presents the encryption process using the RSA cryptosystem. In the initial phase of using of this system it was possible to calculate the simplest algorithm by means of a pocket calculator. Nowadays the security code is based on extended keys whose breaking has become very difficult. The tachograph digital system is based on the RSA cryptosystem operations. The necessity to surpass the European level, the Member State level, or the level of the equipment, increases the amount of work needed to break the code and makes changes in the algorithm. Specialist trainings are conducted to learn or improve driving techniques. The trainings are performed not only in real conditions i.e. on urban and non-urban routes, but primarily on EETS (European Electronic Toll Service) driving simulators. Thanks to eco-driving learning, the driver will not only improve his driving style and reduce the driving time but he will mainly lower fuel consumption by an average of 15%. The topic is important primarily because the institutions authorized to inspect vehicles will have a possibility of using the system with a view to exhaust emission control.